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Electrophoresis A technique for separating different
types of molecules based on their patterns of
movement in an electrical field.
Electroporation The creation of reversible small holes in
a cell wall or membrane through which foreign DNA
can pass. This DNA can then integrate into the cell's
genome.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) A
technique for detecting specific proteins by using
antibodies linked to enzymes.
Embryonic stem cells Cells that can give rise to any type
of differentiated cell. They can be derived from two
sources: the inner cell mass from a blastocyst or the
primordial germ cells (eggs and sperm) of an older
embryo.
Endostatin An endogenous protein that blocks the
proliferation of blood vessels.
Enzyme A protein catalyst that facilitates specific
chemical or metabolic reactions necessary for cell
growth and reproduction.
Erythropoietin (EPO) A protein that boosts production
of red blood cells. It is clinically useful in treating
certain types of anemia.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) A bacterium that inhabits the
intestinal tract of most vertebrates. Much of the work
using recombinant DNA techniques has been carried
out with this organism because it has been genetically
well characterized.
Eukaryote A cell or organism containing a true nucleus,
with a well-defined membrane surrounding the
nucleus. All organisms except bacteria, viruses and
cyanobacteria are eukaryotic. Compare Prokaryote.
Exon In eukaryotic cells, that part of the gene that
is transcribed into messenger RNA and encodes a
protein. See also Intron; Splicing.
Expression In genetics, manifestation of a characteristic
that is specified by a gene. With hereditary disease,
for example, a person can carry the gene for the
disease but not actually have the disease. In this case,
the gene is present but not expressed. In industrial
biotechnology, the term is often used to mean the
production of a protein by a gene that has been
inserted into a new host organism.
Extremophiles Microorganisms that live at extreme
levels of pH, temperature, pressure and salinity.
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